The Sverdlovsk Institute of Law (SIL), like other universities, had to restructure itselves in a military manner during the war. Despite the difficulties, outstanding scientists, including those evacuated from other regions, worked at the SIL.
Cherepakhin defended his doctoral thesis in 1945 on the topic "Bona fide acquisition of property rights from unauthorized alienation." In 1943, the Institute received the right to accept candidate’s and doctoral dissertations for defense. His first doctoral dissertation was the work of Kryltsov on the topic "Management and court in Turkestan— a colony of tsarist Russia." Scientific works such as "Scientific Notes of the Sverdlovsk Institute of Law" were published.
Alexander Sidorov, 2nd year student at the Yakovlev Ural State University of Law.
Scientific supervisor: Anna Kalinina, Lecturer at the Department of History of State and Law of the Yakovlev Ural State University of Law.
A unique collection of seeds preserved during the years of the Siege in Besieged Leningrad
Photo by the Vavilov VIR
Due to the evacuation of a significant number of enterprises and organizations to the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the network of educational institutions has changed significantly. There were not enough light bulbs — classes were often held by candlelight. According to archival documents, homemade ink made from water and soot was used in the schools. The widespread shortage of paper has led to the use of newspapers and flyers in the classroom instead of notebooks. The students wrote between the lines of newspapers, on notebook sheets, or on letterheads from previous years.
Since 1942, canteens have been organized in the city’s schools to support physically weakened children with funds raised by the students' parents. For cooking, vegetables grown on school grounds were used, which were cultivated by teachers and schoolchildren.
Danil Bondarenko, 2nd-year student of the Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State University of Pedagogics
Scientific supervisor: Lyudmila Mezit, PhD in Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of National History, Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State University of Pedagogics
Kindergarten students at lunch in an air raid shelter. Leningrad, 1941
The author of the photo has not been identified. RGAKFFD. Arch. No. 0−256 966.
The first trains with children from Leningrad arrived in the Krasnoyarsk Region in 1942. As the teacher of the Krasnoyarsk orphanage No.4 notes in the report, "the children looked like shadows for the first 2−3 months, but gradually, thanks to increased nutrition and care, they began to show interest in the world around them."
Despite the lack of educational materials, teachers found creative solutions: ink was made from berry juice, pens were tied to sticks, and manuals were improvised. As teacher L. P. Semenova recalls, "the children appreciated every opportunity to learn, perceiving education as their contribution to victory."
Patronage organizations (kolhozes, enterprises) provided financial support to orphanages: they sent food, clothes, and organized holidays. Such assistance was mutual — the children, in turn, participated in agricultural work.
Karina Filippova, student of the Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State University of Pedagogics.
Scientific supervisor: Lyudmila Mezit, PhD in Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of National History, Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State University of Pedagogics.
The work of teacher Natalya Malgina (1887−1974) deserves special recognition. Her student, PhD in Technical Sciences, well-known local historian Alexey Muravyov recalls: "We started studying in a wooden building. Natalya Ivanovna, thin, short, calmly explained the lesson to us. She never raised her voice or punished anyone. She often stayed with us after lessons until we had fully mastered the material."
Vera Tarasova (1914−1993) is another vivid example of pedagogical service. After graduating from secondary school in Belgorod, she worked as a teacher in rural schools (1931−1934). In 1941, she defended her PhD thesis "Pestel's Socio-political views." After the war, she wrote dozens of scientific papers.
Daria Shabalina, Olga Pashunina, 2nd and 3rd year students of the Faculty of History and Philology of the Mari State University
Scientific supervisor: Alina Filonova, senior lecturer at the Department of National History of the Mari State University.
Modern pedagogical and methodological approaches to historical education
Modern pedagogical and methodological approaches to historical education are working at the junction of historical experience and pedagogical work, searching for new methods of including schoolchildren and students in the study and understanding of the past.
All photo posters designed by students are from Olga Toloknova’s personal archive.
The project was implemented in several stages within the framework of the Poster Art discipline for 3rd year students of the Graphic Design specialty. Over 90 high-quality works were created, forming a full-fledged exhibition. There was a high level of student engagement. The understanding of the matter deepend significantly and eventually transformed into personal experience, which was confirmed by the essay reflections.
Recommendations to colleagues:
Create a safe space for discussing difficult and emotional topics;
Actively use group discussions and criticism to develop conceptual thinking;
Combine individual work with collective discussions to share ideas;
Be sure to include a reflection stage to consolidate personal results.
Olga Toloknova, Associate Professor of the Graphic Design Department of Matusovsky Lugansk State Academy of Culture and Arts
The Cabinet ofPractical Mechanics is an educational and auxiliary classroom at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg Imperial University. It existed from 1865−1866 the academic year until about the 1930s.
The most interesting preserved exhibits are the collection of mechanisms by Academician Pafnuti Chebyshev. The mechanisms of the practical mechanics worshop have been the object of computer modeling for several generations of students of the Mechanics Department of St. Petersburg State University. During this time, a laboratory workshop was developed to create computer copies of artifacts in the form of moving two-dimensional gif images showing the movement of the mechanism.
Galina Kuteeva, Associate Professor of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics at St. Petersburg State University
Patriotism in the 21st century is not only a knowledge of state symbols and history, but also a deep, meaningful connection with the heritage of one’s people, an understanding of their role in the global context. Willingness to work creatively for the benefit of the country. Cultivation of decent qualities, the ability to set goals and achieve them, as well as independent decision-making in social and personal matters is relevant in modern times for the formation of a responsible citizen.
Values cannot be learned only from lectures or textbooks. They require personal experience, reflection and application in practical situations. This is where students' design and research activities come to the front. It becomes an accelerator for value formation at the university. So to say, this is not just a learning assignment, it is a simulation of future professional and social reality.
Zainab Aliyeva, PhD in Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Modern Pedagogy, Continuing Education and Personal Tracks at the Russian State Social University
The museum complex of Smolensk State University (SmolSU) includes the exhibition on the university’s history, which was opened on November 7, 2013. Its exposition is dedicated to more than 100 years of the university’s activity in the field of higher education.
The subject range of the exhibition consists of photographs and documents (diplomas, credit books, student lecture notes), books, personal belongings of teachers and students, original documents (Professor V. Rusakov’s front notebook, "funeral" in 1943 for our student A. Kremnev, etc.), objects of front-line life, soldiers' medallions, fragments of weapons, which were transferred to the museum by the university search team "Bear".
Nadezhda Ivanova, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Russian History, Smolensk State University
The Book includes mandatory pages that will contain the information collected by the student and his parents or guardians, accompanied by photographs, letters, documents, and archival information. Students need to complete the following tasks: draw a family tree, draw military equipment driven by an ancestor, mark on the map the beginning and end of the path that the ancestor had taken, a page with the monuments of the city / region / country, the poems selected by the child or his own composition, write some stories and other tasks that can be added as the class is ready, as well as the transition to other levels of the book.
Elena Berkolts, 5th-year student at the Sochi State University
Scientific supervisor: Anna Khovyakova, PhD in Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogical and Psychological-Pedagogical Education of the Sochi State University
The role of the biographical method in the process of learning history and the education of students has been emphasized by various generations of historians and educators. The digitalization of archives, the creation of virtual museums, the use of artificial intelligence and virtual reality technologies, and the creation of digital educational resources make archival sources and objects of historical and cultural heritage accessible and visualized to students. Special attention is paid to the creation of immersive educational spaces that allow one to immerse oneself in certain historical epochs, events, biographies and personal achievements. Technologies allow combining textual, visual and audio information, which, of course, has a positive effect on the perception and assimilation of historical material.
Oksana A. Shamigulova, Director of the Institute of Historical, Legal and Socio-Humanitarian Education, Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University
Biographical sketches
Biographical sketches are the stories of great Russian scientists, engineers, and inventors whose discoveries and ideas influenced the progress of science and technology.
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Portrait of D. Zhuravsky.
Photo Portal of the Great Russian Encyclopedia
Dmitry Zhuravsky was one of the first Russian engineers who applied rigorous scientific methods to the design of bridges. The development of reliable transport links ensured the stability of the economy and the security of the country, especially in the context of military operations.
Zhuravsky paid special attention to the issues of domestic production of building materials. He insisted on using Russian cement and establishing mandatory testing standards, which contributed to the development of the cement industry. This approach reflects his understanding of the relationship between engineering and economic sovereignty, an idea that is once again becoming central to scientific and political discussions in the 21st century.
Alexander Bykov, postgraduate student at the Faculty of Sociology of St. Petersburg State University.
Scientific supervisor: Marina Lomonosova, PhD in Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of Sociology at St. Petersburg State University
Alexandra Peregonets is a Russian Soviet theater and film actress, Honored Artist of the Crimean ASSR, according to other sources — Honored Artist of the RSFSR. She was a member of the anti-fascist underground group "Sokol" during the Nazi occupation.
In the first months of the war, the Crimean Theater gave over a hundred field concerts, in which Alexandra Peregonets was one of the most active participants. After the entry of Nazi troops into Simferopol, mass repressions against the civilian population began. At that time, Peregonets found herself in an active struggle against the invaders. An underground group of theater employees was part of the "Sokol" reconnaissance and sabotage group. The group’s members distributed anti-Nazi leaflets denouncing the new order of the occupation authorities, helped the partisans with warm clothes and medicines, and protected the theater from looting and later from destruction.
Oksana Sinishenko, student of the Direction of Theatrical Performances and Celebrations at the Crimean University of Culture, Arts and Tourism
Scientific supervisor: Snezhana P. Shendrikova, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Crimean University of Culture, Arts and Tourism
During the country’s difficult years, many scientists and researchers not only selflessly engaged in scientific work for the benefit of the Motherland, but also defended it with weapons in their hands on the battlefields. Over the years, at least 88 participants of the Great Patriotic War worked in teaching, administrative and economic positions at Ulyanov Chuvash State University.
The name of Dmitry. Katitsky is inscribed in golden letters in the history of the university. A 17-year-old boy was drafted into the Red Army exactly one week before the start of the Great Patriotic War — on June 15, 1941, participated in the battle for the Caucasus and liberated the Black Sea coast. After demobilization from the army, after defending his thesis and becoming a Phd in technical sciences, in 1961 he headed the newly formed Department of Chemistry of the Cheboksary branch of the Gorky Polytechnic Institute.
Maxim Kazimirov, postgraduate student at Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Ivan Mikhailovich Shevchenko, 4th-year student at Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Natalia N. Ageeva, Associate Professor at the Department of History and Culture of Foreign Countries at Ulyanov Chuvash State University.
Portrait of A. Krylov.
From open sources
Alexey Krylov is one of the most prominent figures in the history of Russian shipbuilding, the founder of the modern theory of shipbuilding. In his writings, he developed theories of ship vibration and the theory of ship lifting. It was him who, for the first time in the world, formulated and substantiated the principles of the unsinkability of a vessel.
Alexey Krylov was also an excellent organizer of science. He was engaged in shipbuilding not only theoretically, but also practically — he developed and presented to the State Duma a plan for the renewal of the fleet of the Russian Empire. He was a talented teacher. He was engaged in professional development of engineering and working personnel, popularization of science, and wrote more than 300 scientific papers on shipbuilding, physics, mathematics, and ballistics.
Gleb Kozhevnikov, 2nd-year student at Ulyanov Chuvash State University
Scientific supervisor: Natalia Ageeva, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Culture of Foreign Countries at Ulyanov CHSU
Working as a director of pedagogical and combined teacher training institutes during the war years was not easy. Boris Raysky had to solve a lot of routine but vital problems for the university every day: supplying fuel to buildings, dormitories, teachers, organizing additional meals for weakened students, providing the university with writing paper, etc. At the same time, university staff and students always responded to calls for help from the city authorities: they were on duty in military hospitals, preparing construction sites for another defense plan, etc.
Anton Potylitsin, 3rd year student of Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State University of Pedagogics
Scientific supervisor: Lyudmila Mezit, PhD in Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of National History of Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University
Meshchersky’s task was to study the formation of university collections, identify the most successful practices and determine the criteria for selecting models for the Office of Practical Mechanics at St. Petersburg University. Meshchersky identified three key criteria. Firstly, the quality of the execution: the "jewelry precision" of the finish and high mechanical accuracy as a condition of pedagogical effectiveness. Secondly, the suitability for demonstrations: the models must be visual and perceptible. Finally, the consistency of the collection: the collection should cover the most significant typs of mechanisms and provide a holistic view of the subject.
Ekaterina Ageeva, 3rd-year student of Fundamental Mechanics at St. Petersburg State University
Scientific supervisor: Galina A. Kuteeva, Associate Professor of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics at St. Petersburg State University
Scientific research work
Scientific research is the historical research of students and scientists, including technical specialties, directly related to their major.
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Academician Yuri Oganesyan.
Photo portal of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
The boundaries of the periodic table of Dmitry Mendeleev were expanded by the outstanding physicist of our time, Yuri Oganesyan. Under his leadership, elements with numbers from 113 to 118 were obtained. He named one of his lectures, which he read to students: "New aliens in the Mendeleev Periodic table of chemical elements". These "new aliens" proved the existence of an "island of stability" and confirmed that the limits of the existence of chemical elements are further than they were previously thought to be. He became the first Russian scientist to have a chemical element named after him during his lifetime.
Oksana A. Kreider, Acting Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs of Dubna State University
Marina P. Korol, Associate Professor of the Department of Sociology and Humanities of Dubna State University
Pavel E. Kirillov, Associate Professor of the Department of Sociology and Humanities of Dubna State University
Sergey V. Ryabtsev, Associate Professor of the Department of Sociology and Humanities of Dubna State University
The foundation of the theory of collective pedagogy was laid in the first half of the 20th century, during a period of fundamental transformation of society. An outstanding contribution to its development was made by Anton S. Makarenko, whose pedagogical system, recognized by UNESCO as one of the four most important in the world, was based on a triad: collective, self-government, productive work.
The approbation of the model of collective education at the present stage is carried out using the example of a project, the central element of which is classes of Cossack orientation.
Anastasia Brevnova, postgraduate student, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Romano-Germanic and Russian Philology, Sochi State University
Scientific Supervisor: Yuri Tyunnikov, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor
We wanted not only to tell about the war, but to touch the hearts of children, so that every child could pass through this memory, so that everyone would have a trace of contact with history. A cycle of five meetings was developed, where each subsequent one followed logically from the previous one.
We paid special attention to the creation of emotional "anchors" — reading letters aloud with elements of theatricalization, musical accompaniment of events, visual materials (photographs of the war years) and personal stories — a connection with the family memory of children.
"I never thought that war wasn’t just about tanks and battles. Now I understand what kind of people those pilots were, what decisions they made…".
"When I wrote the letter to the soldier, I got the impression of a real dialogue. It seemed to me that I was really communicating with my great-grandfather, whom I had never seen…".
Sofia Ochneva, Ekaterina Savoskina, students of Turgenev Oryol State University
Scientific supervisor: Irina Voronkova, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Dean of the Faculty of History of Turgenev Oryol State University
Clearly structured historical knowledge will help the future engineer in understanding cause-and-effect relationships, thereby forming the necessary systemic and logical thinking for an engineer. At the same time, historical knowledge forms the personal attitudes and position of a future engineer as a citizen of his country, responsible not only for the result of his professional activity, but also thinking about its future.
The purpose of teaching career-oriented history is to popularize and disseminate historical knowledge about the activities of an engineer, designer, and develop skills for humanitarian adaptation to work in a team, an aerospace team. The following topics are particularly significant: the World War I — the time of the actual birth of aviation; the World War II — the transformation of aviation into the most important factor of strategic dominance; the beginning of space exploration and the development of cosmonautics.
Irina Velmozhko, PhD in Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of History of the Moscow Aviation Institute